Strategic Role Of Information Systems Information Technology Essay

Strategic Role Of Information Systems Information Technology Essay The CIMB Bank Cloud Computing Strategic Direction Paper describes the whole of MSF Sales Force policy position on cloud computing. The strategy will states that the MSF Sales Division can choose a cloud-based service if it show clearly and deliberately value for money, fitness for purpose and are adequately secure; provides guidance for MSF Sales Force on what cloud computing is; and some of the issues and benefits of cloud computing that MSF Sales Force need to be aware of. Our investigation focused on three areas such as IT infrastructure and related problems, business processes and Environmental issues. Result of our analysis has lead to several recommendations. The paper recognises that the public cloud is still undergoing a gradual change, particularly in areas such as security and privacy. These issues need to be adequately resolved before critical MSF Sales Division can be transitioned to the cloud. As a result, the paper outlines three streams of work: Stream One provides the sales division with guidance and documentation. Stream Two encourages sales division to adopt public cloud services for public facing unclassified government services and to undertake proof of concept studies to fully understand the risks of the cloud environment. Stream Three encourages a strategic approach to cloud. This work is dependent upon greater clarity around projects commissioned under the Data Centre Strategy. 1. INTRODUCTION CIMB Group is the leading Asean Universal banking franchise, offering full range of financial products and services covering consumer banking, corporate and investment banking, Islamic banking, assets management, wealth management, insurance and Takaful and private banking. However, we are writing report based on one of CIMB Bank sales division known as Mobile Sales Force. Mobile Sales Force or more known as MSF is the largest sales channel in CIMB Bank. Comprising more than 2,000 staffs, promoting and distributing CIMB Bank key products such as mortgage loan for private and corporate, personal loan for government sector and credit cards. MSF was established backed in 2006 with the vision to be the best-in-class sales organization with a passion for exceeding expectation. Prior approval and consent from MSF head of department had been obtained in conducting research. CIMB GROUP PROFILE CIMB Group is ASEANs leading universal banking franchise. We offer a full range of financial products and services covering consumer banking, corporate and investment banking, Islamic banking, asset management, wealth management, insurance and takaful, and private banking. With over 37,000 employees, CIMB Group reaches 81% of the ASEAN population, representing 89% of the regions gross domestic product. Our retail network of over 1,000 branches is the widest in the region. Headquartered in Kuala Lumpur, CIMB Groups main markets are Malaysia, Indonesia, Singapore, Thailand and Cambodia. Our presence in 13 countries covers ASEAN and major global financial centres, as well as countries in which our customers have significant business and investment dealings. In addition, we extend our reach and range of products and services through strategic partnerships. Our partners include the Principal Financial Group, Aviva plc, Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ, Standard Bank plc, Daishin Securities and the Kanoo Group, among others. CIMB GROUP As the leading ASEAN universal banking franchise, CIMB Group offers a full range of financial products and services covering consumer banking, corporate and investment banking, Islamic banking, asset management, wealth management, insurance and takaful, and private banking. We operate our businesses on a dual banking leverage model, giving customers a choice of both conventional and Islamic financial solutions. Our main markets in which we offer full universal banking facilities are Malaysia, Indonesia, Singapore and Thailand. We also have a presence in other countries where our customers have significant business and investment dealings. CIMB BANK Our Consumer Banking business offers a full range of conventional and Islamic financial products and services to meet the borrowing and financing, wealth management and transaction needs of our individual customers and businesses. Our spectrum of banking services include credit cards, mortgages, auto loans and financing, commercial banking services for Small Medium Enterprises and mid-sized corporate customers, insurance and takaful, investment and wealth management services. We have an extensive retail network across the region in Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, Singapore and Cambodia that serves over 11 million customers The rest of this report is as follows : Section 2 : IT Infrastructure and Ecosystem. Explained the IT infrastructure and Ecosystem of the organisation. Section 3 : Cloud computing and its business benefits. Provided cloud computing and its benefits and costs. Section 4 : Recommendation of cloud computing adoption/adaption. Recommended a suitable cloud that MSF could adopt. Section 5: Conclusions. Summarises the key points from the analysis and provided recommendation 2. IT INFRASTRUCTURE AND ECOSYSTEM CIMB IT infrastructure today consist of seven major components that must be coordinated to provide the division with a coherent IT infrastructure and the major vendors within each category INTERNET PLATFORMS Microsoft, Unix, Java DATA MANAGEMENT STORAGE IBM, DB2, Oracle, SQL Server, Sybase COMPUTER HARDWAREPLATFORMS Dell, HP IT INFRASTRUCTURE CONSULTANT SYSTEM INTEGRATOR IBM, EDS, Accenture ECOSYSTEM OPERATING SYSTEM PLATFORMS Microsoft Window NETWORKING TELECOM-MUNICATION Microsoft Window Server, Linux ENTERPRISE SOFTWARE PLATFORMS Oracle, Microsoft CIMB CORPORATE NETWORK INFRASTRUCTURE: Issues and Challenges Securing Information System MSF are faced with challenges of data and information security. We need to have users security procedures guidelines. At the moment, there is no such policy guidelines. As MSF is a firm providing financial services, MSF must comply with the Financial Services Modernization Act of 1999, better known as the Gramm-Leach Billey Act (Laudon, KC Laudon, JP 2010, pg 337) Malicious Software Malware (Laudon, KC Laudon, JP 2010, pg 328) will be another hurdle for implementation of cloud computing as there is no IT department within MSF. All IT issues and problems will have to be refer to CIMB Group IT. This will cause time, delaying as the problem cannot be solve in-house and need to wait for IT department action. MSF will have no control as to when CIMB Group IT will react to the reported problem. Absent of Transaction Processing Systems MSF did not have TPS a systems that keep track of the elementary activities of the organisation such as sales for all products such as personal and enterprise mortgages, personal loans and credit cards, customers information like age, annual income, employee, and credit decisions like common rejection reason and best customer profile. (Laudon, KC Laudon, JP 2010, pg 75) Decision Support Systems (DCS) Executive Support Systems (ESS) Due to absent of TPS no proper management information systems (MIS) to enable DCS ESS DCS is useful in providing support non-routine decision making for middle management and ESS for senior management (Laudon, KC Laudon, JP 2010, pg 78 81) Data management Systems (DBMS) As MSF have multiple products, all data given will be in different formats and all users will have their own preferred format of reporting thus creating double work when each product user need to extract and reformat the data into meaningful information. (Laudon, KC Laudon, JP 2010, pg 240) Establishing an information policy Although there are numerous CIMB Banking Acts like, Banking Financial Institute Act1989 (BAFIA) section 97 secrecy, Bank Negara Malaysia (BNM) GP7 confidentiality, CIMB Group Code of Ethics governing the information policy, there is still a need for drafting information policy for MSF sales division. More specific guidelines, rules and penalties in controlling MSF information policy for sharing, disseminating, acquiring, standardising, classifying and inventorying information systems are needed. (Laudon, KC Laudon, JP 2010, pg 259) 3. CLOUD COMPUTING AND ITS BUSINESS BENEFITS AND COSTS Cloud computing represent a sea of change in the way the computing performed by corporations as business computing shifts out of private data centers into `the cloud (Carr, 2008). For a huge company and having a complex proprietary systems supporting unique business process, we are mostly likely to have a hybrid computing model where firms will use their own infrastructure for the essential core activities and adopt a cloud computing for a less critical systems. 3.1 Benefits of Cloud Computing Reduced cost Cloud technology is paid incrementally, saving organizations money. The organization is able to plan the needed expenses more wisely. By cloud computing the cost is proportion to the requirement. Increased Storage Organizations can store more data than on private computer systems. Highly Automated No longer do IT personnel need to worry about keeping software up date and backup. Cloud computing will automatically do the update and backup the system giving the organization more time to do business than fixing the problems on its own. Flexibility Cloud computing offers much more flexibility than past computing methods. More Mobility Employees can access information wherever they are, rather than having to remain at their desks from morning till evening which is tiring and sometimes a boring job. The cloud made the business go mobile. Allows IT to Shift Focus No longer having to worry about constant server updates and other computing issues, organizations will be free to concentrate on innovation and research and development. This help business and product growth in the long run. 3.2 Cost of Cloud Computing Today, many large firms are burden with redundant, incompatible hardware and software because departments and divisions have been allowed to order and purchase their own technology. This make the cost of owning technology assets are relatively high. The cloud concept is paying what you use and no minimum fee required. The users are paying either on a monthly subscription fees or per transaction basis which are composed of the following mandatory components:. Management Interface at $6.25 per month Platform creation cost Application template Release Low usage (one time fee) Average Usage (one time fee) Frequent Usage (one time fee) SAP ERP 6.0 Eh P4 $29 $179 $679 SAP Enterprise Portal 7.0 Eh P1 $19 $169 $669 SAP Solution Manager 7.0 Eh P1 $49 $199 $699 SAP Business Intelligence 7.0 (BI Cont 7.05) $39 $189 $689 SAP Ides CRM 7.0 $39 $189 $689 Computing infrastructure cost This cost will only be charged when you operate your platform. Operational support and the used computing infrastructure as cpu, memory, a static network address and network traffic are included. Configuration Set CPU Memory Low Usage (per hour) Average Usage (per hour) Frequent Usage (per hour) 1-5 users 4 core 8 GB $1.99 $1.68 $1.49 6-10 users 4 core 12 GB $2.68 $2.37 $2.18 11-15 users 4 core 16 GB $3.37 $3.06 $2.87 16-25 users 8 core 18 Gb $3.98 $3.67 $3.48 4. RECOMMENDATIONS OF CLOUD COMPUTING (briefly described cloud computing recommendations) 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 5. CONCLUSIONS The following summarises the findings and recommendations as outlined below. 5.1 Summary of key findings The Study leads to the conclusion that cloud computing has the potential to transform IT, not necessarily through its impact on an agencys core business systems, but through commoditizing routine services such as e-mail, web servers, and data storage. Cloud computing can also easily deliver services that are common across government, such as accounting, procurement, and collaboration tools. If CIOs can increase their reliance on commodity computing, they will then have more time and resources to focus on the strategic management of ITand provide leadership and value for their agencies. We hope that this timely and informative report will be useful to profes ­sionals and executives across government who are seeking innovative approaches in order to leverage the new technology of cloud computing in their effort to reform and improve ITprograms and the delivery of services to both government itself and to citizens. 5.2 Recommendations 5.3. Limitation of Studies LIST OF REFERENCES Department of Finance and Deregulation 2011,  Cloud computing strategic direction paper: opportunities and applicability for use by the Australian Government  , viewed 5 April 2011, . Mell P Grance T 2011, The NIST definition of cloud computing (draft) , viewed 19 March 2011, . Wyld, DC 2009, Moving to the cloud: an introduction to cloud computing in government , viewed 19 March 2011, . Laudon, KC Laudon, JP 2010, Management information systems: managing the digital firm, 11th edition. Cirrus cloud computing : Price list, viewed on 30 April 2011 APPENDICES Appendix 1: Journal Appendix 2: Cost and Benefits Appendix 3: Cloud Computing Benefits Appendix 4: Problems With Data Centre Power Consumption Appendix 5 : Power Consumption For Each Computer Appendix 1: Journal (390 words) Thomas 24 March, 2011 Thursday: Conducted informal interview (9:30am) with Sim, Customer Service Engineer. Obtained basic information of MSF IT infratructure Thomas 03 April, 2011 Sunday: Visited report writing presentation by Adrian Stagg Lindy Kimmins (11:00pm) Thomas 03 April, 2011 Sunday: Seek permission from MSF Head (10:30pm), Mr. Daniel Cheong on selecting MSF Department for assignment 4 Thomas 04 April, Monday: Approval obtained by Mr. Daniel Cheong at 12:06am Thomas Janet 04 April, 2011 Monday: Both of us arranged to communicate through phone and email as we are from different parts of the country after office hours at 7.30pm. We discussed briefly on which of the organization intended to work on to our assignment report. In the end, after much discussion we decided to select either one of our company which we are currently employed for our assignment report after which we have discussed with our relevant IT department in our next meeting. Thomas Janet 04 April, 2011 Monday: We communicate again at 8.30pm. After much exchange informations of our survey on our IT department, we decided to select company, CIMB Bank Bhd as the organization to work on for our assignment report due to the good support from his company IT personnel. Next we discussed about the plan on how to complete our assignment through allocation of jobs. As we have selected my company to work on for our assignment report, Thomas 05 April, 2011 Tuesday: I log into CIMB Group website www.cimb.com/index.php?tpt=cimb_group and started my introduction part of my report (11:00am) Janet 06th April, 2011 Wednesday: I visited a few website : www.finance.gov.au/e-government/strategy-and-governance/cloud-computing.htm,    www.isaca.org/Knowledge-Center/Research/Documents/Cloud-Computing-28Oct09-Research.pdf  and www.startupbizhub.com/business-benefits-of-cloud-computing.htm which give me some information on opportunities of adoption by the Australia Government Thomas 08 April, 2011 Saturday: Sent email (8:30pm) to MSF Head personal assistance, requesting for MSF organisation chart, MSF IT infrastructure Eco system Janet 11 April, 2011 Monday: Visited the Australia Department of Finance and Deregulation 2011 again and started to complete the Executive Summary for our assignment. Thomas 16 April, 2011 Saturday: Visited USQ study desk for assignment 4 resources (9:00pm) http://usqstudydesk.usq.edu.au/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=trueid=391393 Visited Wikipedia for pseudonym http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudonym (9:20pm) Reading assignment 4 mock up report (10:00pm) Reading CIMB Group Rules for Business Conduct (11:00pm) Janet 25 April, 2011 Monday: Compute the company IT Infrastructure Ecosystem diagram provided by Loudon Loudon 11e (page 203) and visited http://www.intek.net/a/images/netdesign.gif for fictitious diagram on corporate network infrastructure Janet 30 April, 2011 Saturday: Compute the cloud computing benefits and it cost Thomas 09 May, 2011 Monday: Checking and resizing fonts size for assignment paper (12:00pm) Browse CIMB Group website http://www.cimb.com/index.php?ch=g2_aupg=g2_au_leadercat=bodtpt=cimb_group for CIMB Group CEO profile. Browese USQ website http://usqstudydesk.usq.edu.au/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=trueid=409613 for plagiarism check Appendix 2 : Cost and Benefits: Appendix 3 Organisation Chart of CSD Sales Channel Appendix 4 : Organisation Chart of Mobile Sales Force

Marriage and Taxes Essay

Marriage and Taxes Introduction: Bill and Mary plan to marry in December of 2012. Bill’s salary is $32,000 and he owns a residence. His itemized deductions total $12,000. Mary’s salary is $39,000. Her itemized deductions total only $1,600 as she does not own a residence. Assume that 2013 tax rates, exemptions, and standard deductions are the same as 2012. Task(s): Answer the following questions: a. What will their tax be if they marry before year-end and file a joint return? The file joint of returns will be $12,000. b. What will their combined taxes be for the year if they delay the marriage until 2013? The combined taxes will be $13,600 if they delay the marriage. $12,000 + 1,600 = 13,600. c. What factors contribute to the difference in taxes? Some of the factors that can result a difference in the taxes would be based on your itemized deductions. Examples a itemized deductions are mortgages that you own, have done any charitable donations, medical expenses, Long-term care services, and relocating for new employment. For a marriage case they can us the marriage penalty, Examples of a marriage penalty: (1) Both of the earns $80,000 a year mas two single individuals, the marginal tax rate will be 25% However, if you are a married couple, the marginal tax rate on a $160,000 annual income is 28%. 2) If you are married you are allowed to write off a total of $3,000 in losses, if filing separately, each only has a $1,500 limit; whereas two single individuals can write off a total of $6,000. (3) When it comes to IRA contributions, they are phased out at income levels between $178,000 – $188,000 for married couples versus a range of $112,000 – $127,000 for single taxpayers. Ingenuity. Empathetic.

Business Practice Argumentative Essay Topics Options

Business Practice Argumentative Essay Topics Options Moral argumentative essay topics are a few of the simplest to get carried away with. Essays could be lightly modified for readability or to defend the anonymity of contributors, but we don't edit essay examples ahead of publication. In general, you can observe that writing a persuasive essay isn't a brain surgery. An argumentative essay requires you to choose a topic and have a position on it. Ultimately, research intensely and discover out the topics where you believe that you may discover the most sufficient data and brainstorm a list of topics. You should utilize APA reference tools to help in writing your essay the right way or employ an expert essay writer that could write the essay working with the APA reference tools. There are a few particular elements that are necessary in an argumentative essay. Thus, it's important to read corresponding formatting guide. Deciding on your topic isn't that easy. As a result, if you're extremely passionate about the subject and can't assess it objectively, think about switching it. Quite frequently, the very best topic is one which you truly care about, but you also will need to get ready to research it. Selecting an emotional topic is also a great idea. Merely mentioning the similarities and differences isn't enough if one cannot analyze the principal ideas. You don't need to acquire super technical with legal argumentative essays, but make sure you do your homework on what the recent laws about your preferred topic actually say. It might be necessary to liaise with other people to recognize the good compare and contrast essay topics. English language classes usually want a lot of writing. What Business Practice Argumentative Essay Topics Is - and What it Is Not Innovations in businesses should be cautiously thought out since they don't only make positive modifications but also carry an assortment of risks. They offer a number of elements highly important to a country's economy such as employment, productivity and a form of financial security. They thrive when they are able to provide a product people want. Whenever you opt to ask us for skilled help, don't hesitate to speak to our support managers. Hospital administrators will need to develop strong relationships with schools that provide healthcare-related degrees in their regional communities and across the country. If you can't cope with them yourself, you always have the option to submit an application for assistance. Healthcare Administrator research papers note that considering the part of healthcare administration staff within the bigger context of the hospital, it's clear there are lots of issues that administrators will need to deal with. Who Else Wants to Learn About Business Practice Argumentative Essay Topics? There are scores of interesting small business topics for research paper writing. It's important to understand that essay topics are just basic ideas that leave you pondering an idea that might be a huge deal to somebody else. If you select the incorrect subject, you might get stuck with your writing and have a difficult time moving forward. Picking the most suitable topic for a persuasive speech is occasionally not such an easy matter to do as it might appear. There isn't any question that hard work is imperative to be effective in life. Pay close attention to all things electronic, and you will be certain to find something debatable of what you see. When you're picking your topic, bear in mind that it's much simpler to write about something which you currently have interest ineven in case you don't know a great deal about it. It is preferable to search online because it will save yourself a plenty of time. Finding the most suitable arguments will allow you to prove your point and win. Incredible piles of homework make it practically not possible for students not hoping to discover an assistance and to purchase superior essay papers. Be sure to spell out in what way the answers to the questions would help to rate the conclusion. One of the most usual strategies to discover the topic for discussion is to search for the present problem. Normally, having three significant arguments to demonstrate your point is sufficient for a convincing paper. The mutual interest of each side of the argument is an important element for developing a strong persuasive paper. The variety of body paragraphs will mostly rely on the period of your paper. When you are requested to pick a great topic for your argument, start with something you're acquainted with.

Attention Deficit Hyper Disorder ( Adhd ) Essay - 1410 Words

Attention Deficit Hyper Disorder Attention Deficit Hyper Disorder, or ADHD, affects many children in the United States as well as young adults. ADHD in young children can lead to difficulty in concentrating and learning in school, as well as becoming a distraction to the classroom (Frazier, Youngstrom, Glutting, Watkins, 2007). Not only can ADHD cause problems in school, but it can also have an impact on other areas of that child’s life. These difficulties include making friends or listening to instructions told to them (DuPaul, 2007). In addition to the many adverse effects of ADHD, there are treatments and medications available to those with the disorder. Attention Deficit Hyper Disorder affects over 5% of people in the U.S. (DuPaul, 2007). ADHD has many symptoms such as: always fidgeting or squirming, being easily distracted, a proneness to wander and not thinking things before acting (Becker, Woerner, Hasselhorn, Banaschewski, Rothenberger 2004). To discover further information about what ADHD is; reading tests was given to children in Grades 1-3 (Schneider, Blanke, Faust, Kuspert, 2011). The tests are made up of many reading exercises, and memorizing patterns (Schneider, Blanke, Faust, Kuspert, 2011). The children that took the tests had to look at a paper with words, or pictures on them. Then they would be asked later if they remembered what the word or image was (Schneider, Blanke, Faust, Kuspert, 2011). The conclusion of the reading test was: â€Å"ChildrenShow MoreRelatedAttention Deficit Hyper Activity Disorder ( Adhd )873 Words   |  4 Pagesstated in the case of Attention Deficit Hyper activity Disorder or the commonl y known acronym ADHD. ADHD is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects children on into adulthood. There is no definitive treatment or actual cause, but in this era of modern medicine, physicians, and specialist has given some solace to the stigma associated ADHD. 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Gambling in the United States Essay - 570 Words

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Honors English 10. Period 2. 6 April 2017.1627 Words   |  7 PagesPeriod 2 6 April 2017 Gambling’s rise to Legality in the United States Gambling has been a popular activity in the United States from the 1600’s to the present day United States. As gambling grows as a worldwide enterprise, it expands the United States with the opportunities it provides and the attention it consumes. Gambling as a whole benefits different recreational activities and events such as sports. Gambling also allows people visiting places like Las Vegas to enjoy playingRead MoreLegalization of Gambling Pro/Pro1561 Words   |  7 PagesKastendike Engl 101 Tuesday November 28, 2000 Pro/Pro The Legalization of Gambling The Tenth Amendment of the United States Constitution in the Bill of Rights respectfully states The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the states respectively, or to the people. (Gerald Murphy, Cleveland Free-Net). 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The jobs created would range from computer programmers to customer service jobs (Rousu). Our economy is always looking for new jobs to decrease the unemployment rate. This is a great way to lower unemployment and increase the economy at the same time. In Canada, the provinces experience additionalRead MoreGambling : Illegal Gambling And Commercial Gambling860 Words   |  4 PagesGambling In 2006, the Pew Research Center did many studies on the average American and their gambling habits. Of these studies, â€Å"67% of the people surveyed had gambled in the past year† (â€Å"Supply and Demand†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ). â€Å"Gambling is the act of risking something of value on the outcome of an event in hopes of gain†(Schwartz). Gambling has become extremely popular and so complex throughout the thousands of years it has been evolving. There are two different types of gambling, social gambling and commercial

MMOGs (massively multiplayer online games) and their rise across the net Free Essays

string(104) " specialised processor that runs calculations of advanced image processing especially 3D Graphics\(2\)\." Introduction MMOGs are an abbreviation for Massively Multiplayer Online Game. This is a video game which is capable of supporting hundreds and thousands of players interacting with this running video. Gaming platforms have become diverse and a universal game environment is supported. We will write a custom essay sample on MMOGs (massively multiplayer online games) and their rise across the net or any similar topic only for you Order Now MMOGs require specific hardware and software to play and be a part of these online games. Firstly a Personal Computer (PC), keyboard, mouse, screen, graphics card, sound card, speakers, head sets, a suitable operating system, sufficient RAM, a hard disk needs to be present. If required, joysticks can also be used to play these games for the best gaming experience. The operating system (OS) is a key requirement needed in all PCs to play a MMOG. The hardware connects to the BIOS which is connected to the OS connecting the low level machine code to the application software which is high level language such as JAVA and COBOL. Consequently connection to the graphics driver, gaming code then straight to the virtual world it is connected to. The OSI model is responsible for effective communication of data through each layer on the PC and the servers machine. Therefore when a user is playing a game the data will flow from the gateway server to the log in or zone server to the world server into the database which is where the data for MMOG is stored. MMOGs can be played by it connection to a game server. A game server is a remotely or locally run server used by game clients to play MMOGs or video games. Most video games played over the Internet operate via a connection to a game server usually via different networks connected through cables, tracks and busses from the motherboard to the gaming server. A user will connect to a MMOG using an internet connection where the user’s actions will be sent to and retrieved by a server which then calculated a new game state and send this back through the linked connection to the player, with the series of actions repeating. Furthermore, as multi-platform game technology continues to grow, this allows one game to be played in a different platform concurrently, as advances in the development of distributed game server including the less popular listen server technology is necessary to support large numbers of parallel game including their users safely when playing online. MMOGs, in which large numbers of users play a game in the same virtual gaming world, is a big field of heavy server loads due to game event handling, this leads to problems of latency server, client packet loss. This graph shows the amount of MMOGs have been subscribed to since 1997. It shows that more and more people are becoming attracted to playing MMOGS up until 2008 as the graph does not go any further. The most popular game that is shown is World of Warcraft with over ten million subscribers to the game. Personal Computer or Console As online gaming enters the mainstream, system requirements of the personal computer (PC) are moving tremendously in performance. The key issue is that online gamine needs to meet the growing necessities of gamers and online gaming membership. In order to facilitate this, games must have a powerful processor to maximise the game playing experience. The processors role is vital to any computer as it manages the entire system for example where to start and stop executing commands inputted by the user. The processor will fetch data needed by the instruction commanded by the user and returning this processed instruction after execution, then again fetching instructions inputted for example the user loads a game. Consequently after the control unit has fetched, executed and decoded an instruction the program counter holds the address of the next instruction within the memory for example the user has clicked on start game after loading the game. The instruction pointer keeps track of where in the program the instruction has reached. in a system starting from input from a joystick for example into the memory where it is processed and stored if needed with the necessary output given in the form of for example moving 3d images on the screen. The processor manages multiple roles as it carries out many instructions and thus becomes complex for running the operating system (OS) (1), the web browser or the downloaded Massively Multiplayer Online Games (MMOG).Therefore the better the processor the faster the quality/ performance when playing a MMOG without any pauses and halts. The latest Intel i7 2.8 GHz processor containing 8 cores for 8 way multi-tasking and an L3 Cache which delivers top class performance during game playing. Random access memory (RAM) is used to temporarily store the applications used to play the MMOGS allows reading and writing to be carried out. RAM is volatile memory as when there is no power sourced to the RAM, data cannot be retained(1). The highest amount of RAM available is 8GB DDR3, continually expanding. Hence the more RAM the more available space the PC has to store the current game being played. The hard disk, secondary memory can be used to store a game or the application needed to play the game. This uses sequential access which contains rotating disks (3). It works by looking up data needed to be processed from the game players input processing this data from the calculations made in the arithmetic logic unit (ALU) and saves it in the cache which is a high temporary storage place that makes and answers requests. The hard disks capacity can now increase up to 1terabtye within newer PC’s. The GPU forms the core of the graphics card that usually sits inside a slot on the motherboard(10) but sometimes it is pre integrated into the motherboard. It roles and responsibilities for processing images, creating the picture displayed by the monitor for example the 3d moving images in MMOGs. The GPU is a specialised processor that runs calculations of advanced image processing especially 3D Graphics(2). You read "MMOGs (massively multiplayer online games) and their rise across the net" in category "Essay examples" The GPU contains a separate processing unit as it stores images before displaying them. The graphics card is able to allocate slots when viewing 3D scenes for instance in MMOGs similar to the CPU where it can process data for example dual core processors which can carry out two instructions at the same time. The GPU enables a third processor to process its own data speeding up operations such as playing games which are wholly based on images, 3d images and moving image s within the computer for example speeding up the sequence of the images played from the game(2). The GPU talks to the frame buffer to designate parts of memory used to store images before viewing it. RAM DAC, random access memory digital to analogue coveter converts the digital images stored in the frame buffer into analogue, which is then sent to the screen to be displayed. The GPU also contains BIOS similar to the CPU, which loads when the computer starts(2). The interface connects the graphics card to the motherboard requiring high broadband necessary for displaying video clips and 3d images within games(2). The basic sound card is printed on the circuit board, which uses analogue to digital AC DC converter and a PIC interface card to connect to the motherboard and input output connectors for microphone and speakers(6). The sound card enables sounds to be heard from the speakers or gaming headset for audible effects when playing MMOG’s creating different moods and scenes. The screen often referred to as a monitor, where by the display is the most common form of used output, with feedback in the form of text and graphical images used to view the game when it is being played(5). Most desktop screens use liquid crystal display (LCD) or cathode ray tube (CRT) technology. For an ultra-sharp Display when playing games the TFT active matrix 24in – Widescreen, with a Max Resolution of 1920 x 1200, Colour Support of 16.7 million colours. Other output devices include speakers and a gaming 2.4GHz head set. The function of a keyboard as an input device where people can type, inputting data, use shortcuts to control many programmes, access menus also games(7). The keyboard also includes control keys providing cursor and screen control which is needed to play many MMOGs for example using the left, right, up and down arrows(7). There are many types of mice an input device; the main ones include a mechanical scroll mouse, optical mouse and a track ball mouse(8). A laser point mouse which uses light-emitting diodes (LED) or laser as a way of tracking movements is the most common enabling MMOGs to be played easier due to its swift broad movements making game playing easier as there is no wire attached.Other mice include of foot mouse for disabled people, joystick mouse for gamers and a touch pad mouse. Lastly a common input device, the joystick which helps gamers to truly personalise their gaming and flight stimulation experiences. This includes a dual throttle lever for control of a multi-engine aircraft, twisted axes, adjustable hat switches, scroll buttons and trigger buttons to enable MMOGs to be played in a variety of ways making them more interesting. Many of these input and output devices can have an interface with PCs by serial ports and USB. Network Server A game server is a remotely run or a locally run server which can be used by gamers to play MMOGs. Most games that are played over the internet function by having a connection to a game server. Thus online game ply is impacted bythe network characteristics of players that are at one time connected to the game server. Many online games allow a choice from a wide range of servers available. This is the case for many MMOGs as users can run their own servers allowing players to connect from anywhere on the internet. This is known as a listen server, a dedicated server also exists. These are the two types of servers used to play MMOGs. Listen servers are peer to peer servers which run on the same PC as the gamer client. When the gamer disconnects this server is shut down because the server and the host client are run symmetrically. This means that the game must be transferred to another player or end completely which is not preferred on a big server as the host needs to either stay online wasting slots in the server and computer power possibly slowing the game or ending the game for all other players. Due to the small processing size listen servers will also not be able to handle the client’s game, server processing and the hack detection as it is difficult to function correctly without the required processing power. Although they are easy to set up by simply creating a new game then allowing players to join. Also the user only requires one PC in contrast to a dedicated server that either allows client to host the server or play a game. The client cannot physically do both unless there is a second PC/ machin e. Dedicated servers are client to peer which run independently of the clients. They are set up on a separate PC which is often hosted in a data centre. This means that they will have a high processor for high amounts of processing and high bandwidth as it does not need to share a CPU with the players game. In general dedicated servers are the preferred method of hosting game servers for most PC based MMOGs. It is beneficial to those who demand more control, the freedom to install multiple games onto the server. Due to its general processing ability it can then support a huge number of players at the same time. Network Connection What level of network quality service should be provided to maintain a satisfactory gaming experienceThe network has a huge impact on MMOGs. Having a reliable network connection means that players are able to log onto a network online which is available and use the services provided such as playing games buying game subscriptions etc. Without a network connection MMOGs cannot be played. Kuan et al have found that network delay and network loss significantly affect a players willingness to continue playing a game. MMOGs depend upon the network connection for their operation on the speed and reliability of this network connection. Firstly bandwidth which is the average rate of successful data transfer through a communications path which is usually measured in kilobits and megabits per second. The more bandwidth available more data can be transferred through the Ethernet cable for playing MMOGs. In contrast latency is delay, the amount of time it takes a packet to travel from its source to its destination. A low latency network connection will experience small delays whereas playing a MMOG on a high latency network connection will generally be prone to more delays which can be expressed in mili seconds. One way which latency can be measured is small packets of miniature data (32 bytes) is sent to the host and the round time trip (RTT), the time it takes for the packet to leave the sourced address travels to its destination and sent back is then measured. When playing MMOGs the more bandwidth ava ilable more data will be transferred during a second speeding up game play. Also the less the latency the less delay it will take for each pat of the game to be displayed without pauses and stops. Thus the combination of latency and bandwidth gives the user a perception of how quickly the game can be played and necessary data transformed. Server packet loss rate is also another factor that affects speed and reliability of a network connection in MMOGs. This concerns the loss of ratio packets sent from the game server to the player which credits for added latency before state updates or game messages are presented on the screen to the players. Client packet loss rate concerns the loss ratio of packets sent to the game server by players which credits for added latency before a players commands can be handled by the game server as loss detection and recovery cost precious time. This general diagram shows the process when playing MMOGs in real time. The client is playing a game and their actions are received by the server and it then calculates the game state, which is then sent, then the server again does new actions which is received by the server and it then calculates the new game state, thus sending this new game state back to the pc and this cycle continues until the user has finished playing the game. In more detail MMOGs often use distributed servers which are required to support a large number of concurrent games. The data is sent from the user to the gateway server which passes on the information to the zone or login server which then goes to the world sever connecting to the database of the game that is being played, the new data is then sent back through these severs back to the user’s PC. This data is sent using the CPU or the micro-processor which connected to all the elements of the computers components for example the games input and output elements via cables and he bus which is a sub system used for the transfer of data between the different computer components and the networks which enable the PC to connect to the gaming server(1). This is called Serial Advanced Technology Attachment(5). The busses are highly flexible as they can become external busses, in connecting different machines together such as connecting to the game server. The communication between the server and the game client can be divided into three main sections. This figure provides an outline of the architecture which illustrates the physical and logical layout of the game application and the communications legitimized between the server and the game clients. The data access layer within extracts the database from the application allows the systems to retrieve data representing objects in the database. The application layer system features implemental of users, online games, game modes, game states etc. Lastly the presentation layer which consists of HTML and java scrip, basic page templates and display, dynamic views of the system are presented to the user. Operating Systems Game Playing Software An operating system (OS) can be said to be a system software which is responsible for direct control and managing of input, output hardware and basic system operations. In addition it is a foundation upon which the application software such as web browsers and gaming software can be run. A operating system that can be used to play games on is Windows 7 a 64 bit operating system. The role of the OS is to manage the hardware and software resources and interact with the data and its presentation. OS process management ensures that for example if the game is being played it receives sufficient process time for the expert functioning also states that the processor is used to its optimum capacity. OS storage management allocates the relevant or necessary memory space for the game application and its connected hardware in the one of the different available memories for effective and optimum processing of information. OS device management manages input output devices, programs with device drivers conjoined with the OS controls the flow of information with allocation of system resources to ensure correct input and output from for example the joystick. Lastly the OS user interface provides a consistent way of communication between the user and the game being played for example if one was playing the game in real time efficient communication would be needed to be prese nt. A general game server needs a kernel 2.0.24 or better and a good OS for example Linux. Linux is a good in distributed networking game servers. This is because it gives incredible performance to host the games compared to bulky terminals. Also it is thus possible to customise it to the hardware and load requirements of the game which is being hosted as it uses a user friendly kernel configuration file as well as the full source availability for this kernel. The Linux OS system resources receive sufficient processing time and the processor being used to its optimum capacity when hosting a game. It can also manage input and output well including managing the data to host the game extremely well. The game playing software can both be bought and downloaded online, or from a shop where by the games software will be present on a cd. This software is then installed on a PC ready for the gamer to play. It interacts with the data from the internet as it established a connection with the server and the OS along with the internet can transmit and receive data which is then converted from binary data into a high level language that the PC understands such as java, COBOL. This language is then then transferred into graphical moving images which the user can interpret and understand and continue to play the game for example the user will know if he has been shot or he has killed a person. The game servers use specialised software of the game which the server is dedicated to although it will contain different data as in order to run a game on a game server it has to be able to host games etc. which normal game playing software cannot do. The game servers game software interacts with data similarly via the internet by establishing a connection with a sever which then can connect to a player and thus the game can be successfully played. The game server is a distinct process, usually upon a different machine, which retains information on whichever virtual world it supports at that particular time. It converses with the game clients used by the players to retain global information about joint locations, player interaction. For example, each player will have different window into their joint virtual location depending on where they are in the game. The scenes accessible to the players must be consistent so if one player changes the state of an object for example, that objec t must exist for all the other players and be in the same state. Although Presentation does not need to be considered as the gamers do not see what goes on inside a gaming server although those who maintain gaming servers need the data to be available in a readable form so that with their technical knowledge they can successfully manage the game server. The games engine works by the operating system loading the game server onto its system including the graphic drivers. The server connects to the network code and other instances of the game. This then connects to the gaming code for example a high level language then connecting to the virtual worlds where many players can play the MMOG. Conclusion Online games have continued to increase in popularity, with the MMOGs being played over a type of computer network connected to the internet starting with the basic hardware, this needs to be up to date with the latest hardware installed in the pc for example keyboards, joysticks need to be compatible with the game that is being played. For the best gaming experience a NVIDIA graphics card which has its own separate processor, a good quality sound card with speakers are needed. This increase in popularity of online gaming has resulted to the huge growth of the internet, different network connections are now available, these include peer to peer and client server architectures which enables anyone with a connection to the network, internet is able to play a MMOG and interact even in real time with other players due to the high processing ability on servers networks are now able to support many millions of players. Although bandwidth and better network connections are increasing and have become present in the busses and cables this does not mean that the network connection is completely reliable. Due to the millions of client’s connection to a game or several games at different times this can still lead to problems of latency where packets take longer to reach their destination so this could bring about small pauses in the MMOG. Also some locations such as remote locations may receive less bandwidth which then in turn affects the game as the game play will decrease especially if it is in real time as this data travels from the user, to the log in server, zone server, and world server to the databases. MMOGs require the OSI mode to function in which the important parts, the data access layer executes the database from the MMOG application. Following the application layer features implementations of clients, game modes etc. as lastly the presentation presents the displays and dynamic views of the game to clients. Therefore as technology grows the scope for playing MMOGs increases as better facilities are provided and are constantly developing to do so. Referencing (1) Douglas E Comer, 2005, â€Å"Essentials of Computer Architecture†, Pearson Education International. (2)Anonymous, â€Å"Graphics card- video card†, http://www.intelligenceunited.com/?p=2438 [Accessed: 22/11/2010] (3)Pete Jinks, â€Å"Magnetic disk storage†, http://www.cs.man.ac.uk/~pjj/cs1011/filestore/node4.html [Accessed: 30/01/2011] (4)Anonymous, â€Å"Expansion card†, http://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/expacard.htm[Accessed: 22/11/2010] (5)Jeff Tyson, Tracy V. Wilson, â€Å"How computer keyboard work†, http://computer.howstuffworks.com/keyboard.htm [Accessed: 20/12/2010] (6)Anonymous, â€Å"Kinds of sound cards†, http://www.shaktitechnology.com/winshakti/demo/shakti_demo/sound_card_types.htm [Accessed: 19/11/2010] (7)Jeff Tyson, Tracy V. Wilson, â€Å"How computer keyboard work†, http://computer.howstuffworks.com/keyboard.htm [Accessed: 20/12/2010] (8)Shumin Zhai, â€Å"The Computer Mouse and Related Input Devices†, http://www.almaden.ibm.com/u/zhai/papers/MouseInHCIEncyclopedia.pdf [Accessed: 20/12/2010] (9)Charles M. Kozierok, â€Å"Read-Only Memory (ROM)† http://www.pcguide.com/ref/ram/typesROM-c.html[Accessed: 19/11/2010] (10) Anonymous, â€Å"Expansion card†, http://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/expacard.htm[Accessed: 22/11/2010] (11) Asensio, E., Orduna, J.M. Morillo, P., 2008. Analyzing the Network Traffic Requirements of Multiplayer Online Games. 2008 The Second International Conference on Advanced Engineering Computing and Applications in Sciences, pp.229-234. www.ieeexplore.ieee.org/lpdocs/epic03/wrapper.htm?arnumber=4641023 [Accessed: 30/03/2011] (12) Claypool, M., 2008. Network characteristics for server selection in online games. 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Formulative Lens Of Othello Essay Research Paper free essay sample

Formulative Lens Of Othello Essay, Research Paper Formulative Lenss The Tragedy of Othello by William Shakespeare is a great work by a great writer. Shakespeare was right in titling it The Tragedy of Othello because Othello lost so much. In the literary sense, a calamity is the ruin of a character through that character # 8217 ; s ain defects. The manner most people see a calamity is a narrative where there is much agony and loss, and a non so happy stoping. No affair manner one looks at it, literary or public sense, this was a right rubric. The chief character, Othello, brought his ain ruin upon him through his defects, caused the agony of many people, and he himself loss really much. All of these factors pile up to be a large calamity. The biggest things that one notices in the secret plan, are the great losingss incurred by Othello. A cardinal loss of Othello was that of his best comrade, his married woman, Desdemona. Desdemona was the closest individual to him ; no 1 can acquire closer to a cat than his married woman. They were able to portion their ideas with each other and that is really powerful. The unfortunate portion to it was that it merely took a twosome untruthful words from Iago to alter Othello # 8217 ; s sentiment of her. # 8220 ; O, beware, my Godhead, of green-eyed monster! / It is the green eyed monster # 8230 ; # 8221 ; ( III, three ) . From words like this, and merely a little more suggestions, Othello killed his married woman. Its difficult to believe that merely a few well-placed words like this started a concatenation reaction that caused great injury to Othello. Another is how Othello lost his friends, and is faith in them. By the terminal of the narrative, Othello has lost likely his best friend he had in Cassio. He lost Cassio because he did non swear him ; Othello thought Cassio was his enemy. Othello believed in Iago so much that he forgot about others. And this trust in Iago was wrongly placed ; he turned out to be his true enemy. Othello brought this upon himself by blindly following Iago when he had no other ground to make so but Iago # 8217 ; s repute as an honest chap. # 8220 ; I know, Iago, Thy honestness and love # 8230 ; # 8221 ; ( II, three ) . Another loss of Othello # 8217 ; s was his good name, his repute. The full consequence of this loss is non to the full seen in the narrative ; it is more something that is understood. Everyone looked up to Othello has a individual and as a function theoretical account, but after they hear what happened, his repute will be stained. He won # 8217 ; t be considered as great of a leader, which he really was. The cause for his loss in repute was Othello # 8217 ; s secret plan of blackwash of Cassio, one of his ain officers. # 8220 ; Within these three yearss allow me hear thee say that Cassio # 8217 ; s non alive. # 8221 ; ( III, three ) . Possibly Othello # 8217 ; s biggest loss was that of his ain life. Is at that place anything more valuable to one # 8217 ; s self than their ain life? Not merely did he lose is his life in physical sense, but he lost every facet to his life. He lost his married woman, his friends, and his repute among others. The loss of his lif e affected others to, merely like person else’s decease would impact a relation. What might do his decease have even more consequence is that he committed self-destruction. In most causes of self-destruction, the subsisters experience even more grief cause they wonder if they could hold done anything to forestall the violent death. Othello’s decease, and the other deceases created by the behaviors of Iago, filled the subsisters with much hanger and hatred towards Iago, as demonstrated by the words of Lodovico: â€Å"To you, Lord Governor, / Remains the animadversion of this beastly scoundrel ( Iago ) ./ The clip, the topographic point, the torture-O enforce it! † ( V, two ) . Possibly the biggest key to all of the other losingss is the loss of Othello # 8217 ; s mind. More and more losingss occur with the increasing depletion of Othello # 8217 ; s province of head. When Othello foremost heard of the possibility of his married woman # 8217 ; s unfaithfulness, he still had some saneness left in him ; but it was the first Domino of the many to fall. When he and Iago talk about Desdemona # 8217 ; s faith, Othello demands cogent evidence of Iago # 8217 ; s accusals. # 8220 ; Set on thy married woman to detect # 8230 ; # 8221 ; ( III, three ) . The more of what he heard about Desdemona # 8217 ; s supposed matter with Cassio, the more and more Othello started to lose control of himself and the state of affairs. # 8220 ; My Godhead has fall # 8217 ; n into an epilepsy./ This is his 2nd tantrum ; he had one yesterday. # 8221 ; ( IV, I ) . His head was so manipulated that he was neer in control of himself. When he learned the truth that Iago had used hi m, his last opportunity of saneness was practically shattered. The lone thing he had left was his sense of duty when he told Cassio to state what truly happened in his study after everything is said and done. # 8220 ; I pray you, in your letters, / When you shall these luckless workss relate, / Speak of me as I am. Nothing extenuate # 8230 ; # 8221 ; ( V, two ) . He realized that what he did was incorrect, and no 1 wants to be known for making something incorrect when it is non a good thing. But, he knew the truth and that what he did was incorrect, so he took duty. This was his last association with saneness, he shortly died, but he knew it was excessively late to travel on and that traveling on would be excessively painful. Othello # 8217 ; s defect was that he took for everything for how it seemed from a distance. He neer did research things for himself or inquire others for their position on the topic until it was excessively late. Shakespeare was wholly right in titling the drama The Tragedy of Othello, no affair which manner one is analysing the narrative, literary or by public sense. For every loss that most people would utilize to see it, there is defect that correlates with the literary definition of a calamity. Whether it was a little loss or a immense loss, it was supported with a error or defect of Othello. Othello created his ain ruin. Yes, it was with the assistance of Iago, but he still caused it. It merely took Iago to convey his defects to the surface. Iago was a maestro operator, Othello played right into his custodies, so Othello was merely a victim of Iago. 33d